BUSINESS CASE Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS - Case Study Example The company, for this reason, wanted to restock its product line and rebrand its image. To be able to do this, the company wanted to enter into Chinas luxury market goods market that was reported to be growing by 70% each year. The plan was to open up new stores in the three largest cities of China that include Beijing, Guangzhou and Shanghai. The other very important objective of the company was to select a winning team that would lead this new entry into the Chinese market. These stores had to have the most talented and qualified human resource to enable them do well in the new market space. For this reason, all the actions that this company would commit itself to afterward, should be pointed towards achieving one goal of having a winning team or workforce that can lead their new venture in China. The issue that requires a decision in this case is whether to employ Mimi Brewster, daughter of John Brewster who is a good friend to the Hathaway CEO, Fred, to lead a team that would open the flagship store in Shanghai. It is hard making the decision on whether to employ her or not, to consider both the negative and positive sides of her. On the positive side, Mimi is a strong candidate for the position with both good education and experience background that fits the fashion industry. With her experience working with the largest clothing, shoe and accessories company in the United States, where she launched two new brands, she made a very good candidate to be chosen to sell the Hathaway agenda in China. On the other hand, the vice-president of Hathaway, Virginia Flanders, found a non-palatable information from Google about Mimi that would make her consideration decision be a hard thing to make. The information that was printed in the Alternative Review in 1999 identified Mimi to ha ve been the leader of a non-violent, but vocal protest group that was known to have helped mobilize campaigns against the World Trade Organization. Another newspaper featured Mimis

Twayne’s Social Movements Essay Example for Free

Twayne’s Social Movements Essay Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It has often been said that the work of all good authors are shaped by the times through which they live, for with personal experience, the author is given the unique ability to temper even research of past events with their own trials and tribulations.   Such is the case when looking at the work of the controversial author Herbert Aptheker, whose unique historical perspective was influenced by his life experiences, political beliefs, and the changing world around him.   In this research, one of Aptheker’s pivotal works, â€Å"Abolitionism: A revolutionary Movement† will be the focus, along with other works of his being considered to add depth to the research, as well as the facts of the life of this controversial author himself. Author’s Thesis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, Aptheker’s thesis, not only in this work but in many others which he wrote in a very prolific career, is that slave labor is a key element which made it possible for the United States to be able to reach the economic, military, and cultural heights that it did in less than a century from its foundation, and also that slaves made it possible for many people to become wealthy at the expense of people who simply had no say in the matter.   Therefore, Aptheker maintains, there is a level of reparation which the descendants of slaves are entitled to receive.   This thesis, it appears, has a substantial basis in the political beliefs of Herbert Aptheker himself. Further research into Aptheker the individual has indicated that he, by many accounts, was an avowed Marxist and Socialist, and these beliefs tempered his analysis of the practice of slavery, its abolition, and the firm belief that while slaves contributed a great deal to the advancement of American society, those who were slaves of course did not receive their fair share of the fruits of their labors, and that slaves had a great deal more potential to realize than what they did in their slave roles, and of course in many cases fulfilled their greatest potential only after being freed from the bondage of slavery itself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aptheker’s thesis makes more sense, in fact, when it is compared to the ideas of Marxism, which likewise proclaims that those who are enslaved by the wealthy in society must in fact rise up and claim their own rightful piece of the fruits of labor, lest they be crushed under the feet of those who would use them for their muscle and effort, without providing them with just compensation for the amount of work they have put in to whatever they are doing.            Book Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Abolitionism† is as unique a book as was the author that wrote it.   Overall, what the book succeeds in doing is to overturn all of the conventional myths about the practice of slavery in the early southern United States from several different perspectives.   To begin, Aptheker challenges the myth that all of the people who lived in the southern United States in the years prior to the American Civil War were all strongly in favor of slavery. Rather, Aptheker maintains in the book, those show supported slavery in the south were essentially those who were able to benefit financially from the practice of slavery itself, such as the plantation owners who used huge numbers of slave laborers in order to allow for the harvesting of crops in efficient and inexpensive ways, thereby maximizing profits (Aptheker).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moving forward in Aptheker’s book, he then challenges the assertion that those who fought for the Confederate States of America during the Civil War were all pro-slavery.   Rather, Aptheker maintains, many of these individuals were either interested in maintaining freedom from what they saw as an increasingly oppressive federal government, or simply to protect their homes and families from the invading armies of the north. Therefore, these were not slavery supporters but were simply doing what most people would do in a similar situation-protect their land and loved ones.   Additionally, the author also makes it clear that freed slaves could, and did, contribute a great deal to the political climate of the United States, and were in fact highly regarded by whites, thereby totally debunking the myth that once a slave, always seen as a slave by others (Aptheker).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ultimately, having defeated many of the myths of American slavery, Aptheker moves forward with his discussion of â€Å"Abolitionism† by discussing how the slave labor of the early United States in fact helped to build up the early United States, and since this progress would not have been possible without slaves, these same slaves, or more correctly the descendants of these slaves, are in fact entitled to financial reparations in a way of compensating them for the hardships inflicted upon them at the hands of slave owners (Aptheker).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, what one sees in reviewing Aptheker’s book is a challenging of the misconceptions about slavery, the fight against slavery, and the aftermath.   As was mentioned in earlier portions of this research, the author’s theories seem to have been shaped as much by his life experience and political leanings as anything. How the Author Wrote the Book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was stated earlier in the research that Aptheker seems to have relied heavily on his life experiences and political opinions in the writing of â€Å"Abolitionism†, and this is a more reliable fact when the book is looked at in a much closer manner.   Beyond this, Aptheker also utilized historical material in the form of primary materials to form the foundation of his book.   There is also something much more important that Aptheker used in the writing of this particular book which makes it all the more unique and compelling. This book was written in the final years of Aptheker’s life- a life which led him to study the human condition, write and lecture on it extensively, and fearlessly state his opinions on the topic, many times to his own disadvantage.   What this has done, however, is allowed an insight that very few authors could ever achieve, and this comes through in this, and many other works of Aptheker’s. An Opinion of the Book   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In one humble opinion, based on research, Aptheker’s book is a well researched, eye-opening work, as long as the reader keeps in mind that the author has a very specific political slant in writing it.   However, it must also be noted that the researcher was impressed by the fact that this book was able to challenge myths that are based on only a few opinions, and that Aptheker took the chance of using established research, modern political theory, and logical conclusions to put together not only an historic work of research, but also insightful social commentary. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this research, a controversial man and his insightful book about a controversial topic have been discussed and analyzed.   More importantly, however, it seems that in the final analysis, Herbert Aptheker and his vast body of work have forced all of us to take a closer look at ourselves. Putting aside what some would consider to be Aptheker’s questionable political beliefs, what we see when looking at the man and his work with a healthy dose of tolerance and respect for his point of view is a man who understood all too well the depths to which the human mind can plummet in pursuit of its own goals, how innocent people can be hurt in the process, and also how the struggle against the establishment has taken place in the past and must continue in the future.   In conclusion, perhaps this is Aptheker’s most lasting legacy.

Responsibilities Of Man In The Family English Literature Essay

Responsibilities Of Man In The Family English Literature Essay Family is an assembly of people who have marital relationship and blood related individuals, living under the same roof. A group of many families living together is considered a society. In other words, family is a cell of a modern society. Each and every individual has the responsibility of building up a happy family. In the current world, the man plays a very special role which affects not only his current family but also later generations. There is a saying in Vietnamese: Men are the ones who build the house, while women are the one who create the home. We can see that the man is always the strong one, who does the heaviest work for his family. However, it does not mean that the mans role is just to support the family financially, building the house or providing settlement. In contrast, the man should also help the womans duties such as raising children or doing house works. In my opinion, being a man of the family is not a simple job because he has to use as much of his strength as possible to build up his family. Hence, it seems to be a difficult work for all men in the world. Marriage is a combination of the man and the woman, according to  Mignon McLaughlin, an American journalist and author, a successful marriage requires falling in love many times, always with the same person (Quotation #31121 from Laura Moncurs Motivational Quotations). To become the man of the family, firstly, he has to be a good husband. A good husband is the man who understands his wifes needs and wants. Any woman wants her husband to be a successful man and always share with her all problems in life. Zig Ziglar (also known as Hilary Hinton Ziglar) said: Many marriages would be better if the husband and the wife clearly understood that they are on the same side. For the Christians, when a man and a woman are getting married, they always promise to love each other forever and be side by side through sickness, poverty, even the hardest times of life. Therefore, we can easily see that love is the first requirement of being a husband. The husband needs to give his wife the love and to regard her like his most important property, not a maid for free in the house. Intense love, compassion, altruism, understanding from the husband is the thing woman wants the most. I think a man should open his mind to listen to his wife because thats one of the moral standards. Listening and understanding is always the important thing to do for his wife. According to Swedish Proverb, Shared joy is a double joy, and shared grief is half the grief. As we may know, a woman loves by eyes and ears, thus she will be very happy when she gets a good compliment from the husband. In addition, when the wife feels happy, she will do everything to make her family become happie r and happier. Therefore, I believe sharing with woman can help man build up a happy family much easier. Displaying your love and respect to your wife, the mother of your children, is a clear demonstration about how to love and respect important people in their lives. (Mark Greenfield, Becoming a perfect father) Dividing the responsibilities in a family depends on cultures. For example, it is common for some household that the husband is the only one who goes to work and gives financial support for the whole family, while the wife takes care of all the house works and raises children. Rarely, the husband will do some part of the chores when he feels like it. In this situation, the man of the family becomes the main financial provider. However, in some other families, many hard works such as fixing or maintaining the houses equipments can be done by paying a third party service. Hence, making money becomes the most important assignment that the man has to concentrate on. Because making money is a busy and tense work, a man sometimes forgets to do other activities with his wife and children such as: go to a base ball game, or spending an hour to help his wife washing the dishes. As a result, it is one of the reasons which make family members often separate from each other. Moreover, it is not a good situation at all and it must be changed. I personally think the man in the house must not only care about the financial support but also participate on other family activities. According to Dr. Phil McGraw, if men want to be successful in their marriage and family life, they have to change and broaden their definition of what it means to be successful as a man. Being a good provider, protector, leader and teacher is a privilege that comes with responsibilities that many men arent aware of.(The role of the man in the family) Nowadays, there are many women choose to be single mothers. They are confident that even when lacking the support of the men, they can still be able to live well, raising the children to become good people without the need of their childrens father. However, that will not give the children all the care they need, as a proverb in Vietnamese: the child without his/her father is like the house without its roof. On the other hand, the mother cannot teach her child all the skills that the childs father can do. No matter how masculine the woman is, there are always tasks that only men can do. How can she raise her son to become a real man, without the affection of all the feminine she has? And how can she give her precious girl a good imagine of the daughters future partner? They will just simply take all the trait of their only parent, thus hardening all the tasks on the mother, will may not relevant at early age, but become more clearly as they grow up. A life without a man in the family will cause many difficulties to the woman. As the result, she will have to do all the house works, while taking care of the kids and keeping the familys financial situation at an acceptable rate. How does she suppose to do all that jobs at the same time? If the woman is in a rich family, or she already has a well paying job, then the tasks can be less pressuring. However, those are only rare exceptions. In contrast, many single mothers having trouble balancing the duties all at once. Therefore, she will need a man to share all the weight on her shoulder in order to keep the family happy and affluent at all time. According to Census Bureau Reports, in 2006, 12.9 million families in the U.S. were headed by a single-parent, 80% of which were headed by a female. Single parent families are at a higher risk of poverty than couple families, and on average single mothers have poorer health than couple. Single parenting is strongly associated with an increas ed risk of a number of negative social, behavioral and emotional outcomes for children. Educating the kids is not an individual task. In contrast, must be done by both the parents. Children are extremely sensitive, and always eager to learn new things from the world. Every little thing from the outer environment will affect their perspective. In addition, it will decide the childrens behaviour when they grow up. They will just simply mimic all what they think that are interesting. However, the actions that the children try to mimic may not be all right. Supposedly there may be bad behaviours such as bullying or stealing. As time goes by, they will consider that those actions are the righteous, without regarding its true meaning. Therefore, parents always have to act as role model, not only while teaching their kid, but in everyday actions. Its similar to growing a tree, if we dont take care enough since it was a seed, the tree will not give out its expected juicy fruit. For example, considering a family of the sporty type, in which there are many sports activities are d one by both the father and the son. The boy will soon get the habit of doing sport, and keep practicing them when he grows up. Moreover, that man will spread his hobby to the next generation when he starts having family on his own. In the other hand, in the family of the arguing type, where parents always shout at each other, the children will be affected, and become mentally ill. That cycle will continue forever, until there are changes in the new family. However, that does not mean that any successful men can also success in being a father. Sometime, the man focuses his mind completely to his busy career, and then forgets his duty as a father. It will make some bad effects on the child. Therefore, I believe its important for the man to balance between his family and job. Closeness to fathers during childhood is positively related to adult daughters and sons educational and occupational mobility and their psychological adjustment and well-being. Amato, P.R. (1994) Father-child rela tions, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood In my opinion, father plays an important role in affecting teenagers personality. For example, the girls always use their fathers images as the model for their boy friend or future husband. If the relationship between father and daughter is close and they often have conservations together, the girl will be more confident in choosing boyfriend. When the girl has better understanding of the opposite gender, she can avoid misunderstandings and unnecessary worries. As a female, when the girl gets dressed, she wants to be the centre of the attentions. Therefore, if the father can understand and commend on her dresses, it will affect to her way of dressing and living. In other hand, a boy always has his secret which is not easy to say out. In addition, he is easy to be influent by his friends bad habits. Therefore, if he has a good guider who encourages his mind and knowledge, he will be prevented from the wrong way in his life. Furthermore, the boy will be deeply getting his father charac ters effect. There is substantial involvement of fathers in a subset of this high-risk sample, although more than a quarter of the children lacked a father or father figure. The mere presence of a father did not significantly influence the neglect of the children; rather, the nature of his involvement did. Fathers who felt more effective as parents were less likely to have neglected their children. A greater sense of efficacy may reflect parenting skills and be important in enhancing the contribution of fathers to their childrens well-being. Dubowitz H., MD, MS; Black M.M., PhD; Kerr M.A., MS; 2000; Father and Child Neglect In conclusion, the man plays a very important role in the family. He has to fulfill the duty of not only the husband, the father but also the mental leader. As a husband, he has to understand and sympathy with his wife, his soul-mate. As a father, he has the responsibility to teach his son and daughter the skills needed to become good people. As a mental leader, he has to remain calm and strong in any situations. However, it is not easy to perform all those tasks perfectly simultaneously, but with a strong heart and a clear determination, nothing is impossible. BIBLIOGRAPHIES Dubowitz H., MD, MS; Black M.M., PhD; Kerr M.A., MS; 2000; Father and Child Neglect; Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000; pp.154:135-141 Nord, Christine Winquist, Father Involvement in Schools. ERIC Digets. Eirini Flouri and Ann Buchanan, The Role of Father Involvement and Mother Involvement in Adolescents Psychological Well-being, British Journal of Social Work (2003) Mignon McLaughlin, quotation #31121, from Laura Moncurs Motivational Quotations. Zig Ziglars famous quotation from: www.famous-quotes-and-quotations.com/ marriage-quotes.html Swedish Proverb, quotation from: http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Swedish_proverbs#S Amato, P.R. (1994) Father-child relations, mother-child relations, and offspring psychological well-being in early adulthood Bergman, Mike (March 27, 2007). Single-Parent Households Showed Little Variation Since 1994. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2009-08-31 Dr Phil McGraw, the role of the man in the family Mark Greenfield, becoming a perfect father

Dialectic of the Union Blockade during the Civil War Essay -- U.S. His

The Civil War in the United States from 1861 to 1865 serves as a dark reminder of how disjointed a nation can become over issues that persistently cause heated debate among party factions. Most students that have taken courses in American history understand the disadvantage possessed by the Confederate States of America as they fought against the powerful Union army for what they perceived as a necessary institution of slavery. Historians have debated over the effectiveness of the blockade and if it was important in creating the failures faced by the Confederate States of America. This debate has generated the contested question of â€Å"Did the Union blockade succeed in the American Civil War?† The blockade, whether considered a success or an absolute failure on the part of the Union, holds grand significance in the history of the United States. The increased development in the Union’s naval department correlates directly with the necessity of possessing ships that cou ld withstand the threat of blockade running. This dialectic will focus on two opposing theses on the matter of how successful the Union blockade was in guaranteeing a victory for the Union. Within â€Å"Reassessment of the Union Blockade’s Effectiveness in the Civil War,† M. Brem Bonner and Peter McCord make an argument for the success of the blockade by assessing statistical data comprised from the efforts of blockade-runners to breach the hindrance caused by the Union. The authors frequently employ the objecting side of the effectiveness argument when discussing the legality of the blockade and the successes some blockade-runners had in smuggling goods in and out of the Confederacy. On the opposing side of the argument, Daniel O’Flaherty condemns the blockade as ineffecti... ...he historian who reviews the event. The Confederates were able to continue blockade running up until the conclusion of the war, while the Union strengthened its navy in order to compensate for the imbalance of ship maneuverability. If the blockade proved completely effective, the supplies Confederate soldiers possessed throughout the war would have unobtainable via blockade running. It would also distort the history of the Civil War to name the blockade as the main reason for the South’s deterioration, when it only aided to existing problems leading to the conclusion to the war after the South’s surrender. Works Cited Bonner, Michael Brem and Peter McCord. "Reassessment of the Union Blockade's Effectiveness in the Civil War." The North Carolina Historical Review (2011): 375-395. O'Flaherty, Daniel. "The Blockade that Failed." American Heritage 6.5 (1955).

“Born For Liberty” by Sara M. Evans Essay

The Introduction part of the book Born for Liberty by Sara M. Evans is the written path of being informed of the History of Women in America. As it is mentioned in the first few pages of this book, there is a lack of information that we need to fill in ourselves. We have all heard from many historians specially, that our World cannot take the right direction if it finds its past obscured and hard to be seen! I believe a lot of things are connected to each other, and history is one of the most relevant part of our globe and the reason being is because we depend on what our ancestors had been through! The fact that I am using the word depend might confuse you by giving you the wrong idea! In the past, there have been a lot of wonderful, but without forgetting to mention the â€Å"not so pretty† moments that people have lived years ago! Historians are the ones who are willing to examine and study the roots of out life in order to offer us the opportunity to improve our chances of the event that might happen again as it usually does when there are pieces of the puzzle missing! We learn from what had happened to our ancestors, and this way we figure out something else that should improve our life, and diminishing the chances of something ugly to happen again! I guess, all of us know that there has been an abundance of distinct wars in many different countries, and as the years are going by we are reducing the numbers of wars around the world and that is because we learned from the other’s mistakes! Now going back to the main topic, the history of Women in America, there is a great deal to talk about! Everybody, even my little sister can notice that women are kind of excluded from our History and it has always been that way till’ now! There was always this vision we had in our minds, that there was always a HE rather than a SHE! We always viewed women as weak creatures designed only for housework, and offering pleasure to the man she stands by! If you have noticed, the fairy tails and the other old stories we have heard during the years we grew, there was always the prince, the hero, the superman, etc! Well, I think it is time for us to have a look at the female part of the world and try to accept their accomplishments during the years that have passed! Women were always excluded from most formal public roles, and as the years passed they learned how to be heard and Sara M. Evans  supports really well this idea by giving a good example of this that is mentioned in the introduction part of the book when it says: † The most extreme example is the women of Salem, Massachusetts; as accused witches, accusers, and witnesses, these women held an entire colony in thrall for months† (Evans 4). There have also been feminist historians who have dedicated their lives primarily to clear the bad opinion people saved relating to women. Now it is more than obvious and lucid that women have really shaped the broader history and they have given it the flavor it lacked back then! They were the ones who helped to solve the uncountable problems the government had with the immigrants, the ethnic problems and the other ones that would still be present if it wasn’t for the intellectual women who set goals to themselves! This is what Sara M. Evans is trying to explain in her book Born For Liberty!

5 things you should never say when asking for a raise

5 things you should never say when asking for a raise In the world of work, there are few situations more anxiety-provoking than asking for a raise. Summoning the courage to confront your boss and ask for more money can prove daunting for even the most confident of employees- it’s just something we’d prefer to have happen to us rather than having to proactively go after it. In reality, there are times when you’ll need to take the first step towards securing a raise if you want to make it happen, which means you’ll have to initiate the discussion- and there are certainly some approaches you should avoid if you want it to work out in your favor. When the time comes for you to ask for a raise, be sure to avoid the following five conversation pitfalls!1. â€Å"It’s not fair†¦Ã¢â‚¬ This conversation red flag implies that you think you’re being unfairly treated and it could be interpreted that you think your boss isn’t doing a great job of†¦well†¦being your boss. Your goal duri ng a productive raise conversation should be to demonstrate your value to the company, not to vent about how badly you think you’re being treated- whether it’s true or not.2. â€Å"I’ve worked here for X years†¦Ã¢â‚¬ This is a common raise conversation mistake and typically never leads to a convincing argument that a raise is well deserved. Although a work anniversary is a common time to have a performance review where raises often get discussed, in reality your years of service don’t automatically translate into perceived value for your employer.Your specific contributions to the company you work for, and how they contribute to the bottom line, is the key here, and should be the focus of your raise conversation- not the fact that you’ve simply been showing up for a certain number of years (no matter how long it has been). While company loyalty is commendable, unless it’s specified in the terms of your hiring agreement it doesnâ€℠¢t mean a raise is in order.3. â€Å"I know someone here who makes way more than me†¦Ã¢â‚¬ This is never a good topic to bring to your boss’s attention, inside or outside of a raise conversation. Discussing salaries with coworkers is typically frowned up by employees and could lead to unintended punitive actions. Furthermore, it does little to demonstrate your personal value as an employee- in fact, it could make you seem petty or bitter, which will not likely help your case.4. â€Å"If I don’t get the raise I want I’m leaving†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Adopting an adversarial tone rarely works out well in any negotiation, let alone while making a case for why you deserve a raise. Simply put, it’s human nature to feel threatened when given an ultimatum such as this. Do you want to move forward in your relationship with your boss on this footing? At best, you’ll get your raise with a side order of negative feelings and resentment for your tactless approac h, and at worst they might just take the other option and show you the door†¦5. â€Å"You need me more than I need you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ See pitfall #4. Once again, this contentious approach is the opposite of how you should proceed in a raise conversation and will likely have the opposite effect of what you’re aiming for. A surefire way to get on your boss’s bad side is to tell them that they need you more than you need them, and they may even take the opportunity to prove you wrong by letting you go- not exactly the result you’re aiming for, is it?Your raise conversation is a classic â€Å"show, not tell† moment- showcase your value to the company with real measurable data and quantifiable evidence and you’ll have a much better shot at getting that raise than merely telling your boss that you’re great and they’re not.Here’s the bottom line- if you’re planning on initiating a raise conversation with your boss, plan for it as you would any other persuasive presentation. Come equipped with a list of convincing, undeniable evidence that demonstrates why you’re worth a salary increase- not why you feel entitled to one and upset why it hasn’t happened yet. Many bosses are â€Å"bottom line† thinkers, and if you can make a case that highlights your value to their bottom line, then you’ve put yourself in the best possible position to get the raise you’re aiming for. And if you hear yourself saying any of the five conversation pitfalls mentioned here, act fast and pivot the conversation quickly!

Biography of Indias Indira Gandhi

Biography of Indias Indira Gandhi Indira Gandhi, prime minister of India in the early 1980s, feared the growing power of the charismatic Sikh preacher and militant Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s, sectarian tension and strife had been growing between Sikhs and Hindus in northern India. Tensions in the region had grown so high that by June of 1984, Indira Gandhi decided to take action. She made a fatal choice - to send in the Indian Army against the Sikh militants in the Golden Temple. Indira Gandhis Early Life Indira Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917, in Allahabad (in modern-day Uttar Pradesh), British India. Her father was Jawaharlal Nehru, who would go on to become the first prime minister of India following its independence from Britain; her mother, Kamala Nehru, was just 18 years old when the baby arrived. The child was named Indira Priyadarshini Nehru. Indira grew up as an only child. A baby brother born in November of 1924 died after just two days. The Nehru family was very active in the anti-imperial politics of the time; Indiras father was a leader of the nationalist movement  and a close associate of Mohandas Gandhi and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Sojourn in Europe In March 1930, Kamala and Indira were marching in protest outside of the Ewing Christian College. Indiras mother suffered from heat-stroke, so a young student named Feroz Gandhi rushed to her aid. He would become a close friend of Kamalas, escorting and attending her during her treatment for tuberculosis, first in India and later in Switzerland. Indira also spent time in Switzerland, where her mother died of TB in February of 1936. Indira went to Britain in 1937, where she enrolled at Somerville College, Oxford, but never completed her degree. While there, she began to spend more time with Feroz Gandhi, then a London School of Economics student. The two married in 1942, over the objections of Jawaharlal Nehru, who disliked his son-in-law. (Feroz Gandhi was no relation to Mohandas Gandhi.) Nehru eventually had to accept the marriage. Feroz and Indira Gandhi had two sons, Rajiv, born in 1944, and Sanjay, born in 1946. Early Political Career During the early 1950s, Indira served as an unofficial personal assistant to her father, then the prime minister. In 1955, she became a member of the Congress Partys working committee; within four years, she would be president of that body. Feroz Gandhi had a heart attack in 1958, while Indira and Nehru were in Bhutan on an official state visit. Indira returned home to take care of him. Feroz died in Delhi in 1960 after suffering a second heart attack. Indiras father also died in 1964  and was succeeded as prime minister by Lal Bahadur Shastri. Shastri appointed Indira Gandhi his minister of information and broadcasting; in addition, she was a member of the upper house of parliament, the Rajya Sabha. In 1966, Prime Minister Shastri died unexpectedly. Indira Gandhi was named the new Prime Minister as a compromise candidate. Politicians on both sides of a deepening divide within the Congress Party hoped to be able to control her. They had completely underestimated Nehrus daughter. Prime Minister Gandhi By 1966, the Congress Party was in trouble. It was dividing into two separate factions; Indira Gandhi led the left-wing socialist faction. The 1967 election cycle was grim for the party - it lost almost 60 seats in the lower house of parliament, the Lok Sabha. Indira was able to keep the Prime Minister seat through a coalition with the Indian Communist and Socialist parties. In 1969, the Indian National Congress Party split in half for good. As prime minister, Indira made some popular moves. She authorized the development of a nuclear weapons program in response to Chinas successful test at Lop Nur in 1967. (India would test its own bomb in 1974.) In order to counterbalance Pakistans friendship with the United States, and also perhaps due to mutual personal antipathy with US President Richard Nixon, she forged a closer relationship with the Soviet Union. In keeping with her socialist principles, Indira abolished the maharajas of Indias various states, doing away with their privileges as well as their titles. She also nationalized the banks in July of 1969, as well as mines and oil companies. Under her stewardship, traditionally famine-prone India became a Green Revolution success story, actually exporting a surplus of wheat, rice and other crops by the early 1970s. In 1971, in response to a flood of refugees from East Pakistan, Indira began a war against Pakistan. The East Pakistani/Indian forces won the war, resulting in the formation of the nation of Bangladesh from what had been East Pakistan. Re-election, Trial, and the State of Emergency In 1972, Indira Gandhis party swept to victory in national parliamentary elections based on the defeat of Pakistan and the slogan of Garibi Hatao, or Eradicate Poverty. Her opponent, Raj Narain of the Socialist Party, charged her with corruption and electoral malpractice. In June of 1975, the High Court in Allahabad ruled for Narain; Indira should have been stripped of her seat in Parliament and barred from elected office for six years. However, Indira Gandhi refused to step down from the prime ministership, despite wide-spread unrest following the verdict. Instead, she had the president declare a state of emergency in India. During the state of emergency, Indira initiated a series of authoritarian changes. She purged the national and state governments of her political opponents, arresting and jailing political activists. To control population growth, she instituted a policy of forced sterilization, under which impoverished men were subjected to involuntary vasectomies (often under appallingly unsanitary conditions). Indiras younger son Sanjay led a move to clear the slums around Delhi; hundreds of people were killed and thousands left homeless when their homes were destroyed. Downfall and Arrests In a key miscalculation, Indira Gandhi called new elections in March  1977. She may have begun to believe her own propaganda, convincing herself that the people of India loved her and approved of her actions during the years-long state of emergency. Her party was trounced at the polls by the Janata Party, which cast the election as a choice between democracy or dictatorship, and Indira left office. In October of 1977, Indira Gandhi was jailed briefly for official corruption. She would be arrested again in December of 1978 on the same charges. However, the Janata Party was struggling. A cobbled-together coalition of four previous opposition parties, it could not agree on a course for the country  and accomplished very little. Indira Emerges Once More By 1980, the people of India had had enough of the ineffectual Janata Party. They reelected Indira Gandhis Congress Party under the slogan of stability. Indira took power again for her fourth term as prime minister. However, her triumph was dampened by the death of her son Sanjay, the heir apparent, in a plane crash in June of that year. By 1982, rumblings of discontent and even outright secessionism were breaking out all over India. In Andhra Pradesh, on the central east coast, the Telangana region (comprising the inland 40%) wanted to break away from the rest of the state. Trouble also flared in the ever-volatile Jammu and Kashmir region in the north. The most serious threat, though, came from Sikh secessionists in Punjab, led by Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Operation Bluestar at the Golden Temple In 1983, the Sikh leader Bhindranwale and his armed followers occupied and fortified the second-most holy building in the sacred Golden Temple complex (also called the Harmandir Sahib or Darbar Sahib) in Amritsar, the Indian Punjab. From their position in the Akhal Takt building, Bhindranwale and his followers called for armed resistance to Hindu domination. They were upset that their homeland, Punjab, had been divided between India and Pakistan in the 1947 Partition of India. To make matters worse, the Indian Punjab had been lopped in half once more in 1966 to form the Haryana state, which was dominated by Hindi-speakers. The Punjabis lost their first capital at Lahore to Pakistan in 1947; the newly-built capital at Chandigarh ended up in Haryana two decades later, and the government in Delhi decreed that Haryana and Punjab would simply have to share the city. To right these wrongs, some of Bhindranwales followers called for an entirely new, separate Sikh nation, to be called Khalistan. During this period, Sikh extremists were waging a campaign of terror against Hindus and moderate Sikhs in Punjab. Bhindranwale and his following of heavily armed militants holed up in the Akhal Takt, the second-most holy building after the Golden Temple itself. The leader himself was not necessarily calling for the creation of Khalistan; rather he demanded the implementation of the Anandpur Resolution, which called for the unification and purification of the Sikh community within Punjab. Indira Gandhi decided to send the Indian Army on a frontal assault of the building to capture or kill Bhindranwale. She ordered the attack at the beginning of June  1984, even though June 3rd was the most important Sikh holiday (honoring the martyrdom of the Golden Temples founder), and the complex was full of innocent pilgrims. Interestingly, due to the heavy Sikh presence in the Indian Army, the commander of the attack force, Major General Kuldip Singh Brar, and many of the troops were also Sikhs. In preparation for the attack, all electricity and lines of communication to Punjab were cut off. On June 3, the army surrounded the temple complex with military vehicles and tanks. In the early morning hours of June 5, they launched the attack. According to official Indian government numbers, 492 civilians were killed, including women and children, along with 83 Indian army personnel. Other estimates from hospital workers and eyewitnesses state that more than 2,000 civilians died in the bloodbath. Among those killed were Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale and the other militants. To the further outrage of Sikhs worldwide, the Akhal Takt was badly damaged by shells and gunfire. Aftermath and Assassination In the aftermath of Operation Bluestar, a number of Sikh soldiers resigned from the Indian Army. In some areas, there were actual battles between those resigning and those still loyal to the army. On October 31, 1984, Indira Gandhi walked out to the garden behind her official residence for an interview with a British journalist. As she passed two of her Sikh bodyguards, they drew their service weapons and opened fire. Beant Singh shot her three times with a pistol, while Satwant Singh fired thirty times with a self-loading rifle. Both men then calmly dropped their weapons and surrendered. Indira Gandhi died that afternoon after undergoing surgery. Beant Singh was shot dead while under arrest; Satwant Singh and alleged conspirator Kehar Singh were later hanged. When news of the Prime Ministers death was broadcast, mobs of Hindus across northern India went on a rampage. In the Anti-Sikh Riots, which lasted for four days, anywhere from 3,000 to 20,000 Sikhs were murdered, many of them burned alive. The violence was particularly bad in Haryana state. Because the Indian government was slow to respond to the pogrom, support for the Sikh separatist Khalistan movement increased markedly in the months following the massacre. Indira Gandhis Legacy Indias Iron Lady left behind a complicated legacy. She was succeeded in the office of Prime Minister by her surviving son, Rajiv Gandhi. This dynastic succession is one of the negative aspects of her legacy - to this day, the Congress Party is so thoroughly identified with the Nehru/Gandhi family that it cannot avoid charges of nepotism. Indira Gandhi also instilled authoritarianism into Indias political processes, warping the democracy to suit her need for power. On the other hand, Indira clearly loved her country  and did leave it in a stronger position relative to neighboring countries. She sought to improve the lives of Indias poorest  and supported industrialization and technological development. On balance, however, Indira Gandhi seems to have done more harm than good during her two stints as the prime minister of India. For more information on women in power, see this list of Female Heads of State in Asia.

A Critical Review of Trifles Essays

A Critical Review of Trifles Essays A Critical Review of Trifles Paper A Critical Review of Trifles Paper Mrs.. Peters and Mrs.. Hale into Mrs.. Wrights kitchen who is arrested for the murder of her husband. When the men go upstairs to find evidences that they dont think they will get in the kitchen, because In their perspective It Is silly area since It belongs to women, Susan Is creating a space for the women during their dialogue to show their Intelligence and their analysis that Is based on questions. Through their talking they find a dead bird which is one of the most important details that they build their conclusions on. The women hide this because they dont want the men find it as a motive for Mrs.. Wright to kill her husband, and the play ends after the women mislead the men. The bird in the play is highly symbolic for Mrs.. And Mr.. Wright which I think Susan has succeeded in using it. Review Description Symbols in literature add further meanings and make the meaning stay in the readers mind. As many plays Trifles has several symbols that make the reader understand deeply the characters and their roles throughout the play. The major symbol In the play Is the bird which Is used to represent Mrs.. Wright herself and her life that lacks of freedom, because after her loveless marriage she became imprisoned in a gloomy house. In the story, Mrs.. Wright wants it as an alternative of children, and she likes it because it reminds her of her past when she used to sing, so she wants to recall her cheerfulness. It was the only left hope for her before Mr.. Wright has put it down, and for Mr.. Wright is a fake hope, so he wanted to get rid of it. The birds ultimate freedom through death also resonates with Minces freedom through her husbands death. Even though she is Jailed in the play, her spirit is freed through the revenge she enacts upon Mr.. Wright notes Dalton. Evaluation The play is very effective because Susan Slapped used all the elements of the play successfully, so the meaning is delivered clearly and emotionally. Her active description of the setting helps the reader to understand the psychological situations of the characters. Also, her using of the dialogue of the women and the Irony In the play forces the reader to sympathize with the protagonist, because she highlights throughout the womens conversation the protagonists stillness and suffering with ere rough NASDAQ Ana makes NV or near unreason Tanat ten murder Is a result and outcome of these factors. The symbols give the play powerful meanings and explain her state of mind of being lonely, motherless and imprisoned. In my opinion, the end is successful because it evokes the reader to think about Mrs.. Wrights destiny which I think as a reader that Mrs.. Wright will go out of the Jail because of lack of enough evidences. Conclusion Trifles by Susan Slapped is considered as a feminist drama because it is mainly about women and their struggle. The author points out the male perspective toward female. She tries to change this perspective by showing women intelligence and also by the tragic situation that the house of the Wrights has become.

The case of the Montclair Hotel Group Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The of the Montclair Hotel Group - Case Study Example Another important information to be gathered is whether the employees are given any supplementary training that will make them work efficiently. A sample of the employees will be assessed on their opinions on what should be changed in their line of work and overall performance. The committee will use various methods to capture the report data. These methods are through Observation, Interviews, and Questionnaires. Through observation, the committee investigators will sought out information for the project through direct observation without asking the respondent (itsvineeth209). The main advantages of observation are there is less subjective bias, and the information is current. Interviews involve presentation oral verbal questions and responses between the interviewer and interviewee. This project will make use of personal interviews that are face to face. The questionnaire is a way through which a sample of questions are administered to the respondents who are supposed to return them to the one who administered them. After the information has been gathered, it will be disseminated according to requirements to create contrasting reports. The different reports that will be created are Hiring and Training report. This report shall contain all the methods and procedures that are followed to recruit employees in MHG Hotels, the remuneration structures, supplementary training and methods of appraisal. This report shall also deliver the mechanisms that available for benchmarking of the performance of employees periodically. Secondly, the following report will be the Management structure report. This report shall contain all the roles, responsibilities of the management and the reviewed Code of Conduct that needs to be abode by every employee. The most important report to be tabled is that of the alignment of the Mission and the Vision to the goals of MHG Hotels to meet the set objectives. These reports shall make use of graphical representations such as charts for eas ier analysis and market activity can be recognized (Investopedia). These reports shall be received first to the Chief Executive Officer of the MHG Hotel Chains, and then the Head of relevant Departments will receive them for indispensable department changes. The reports only become relevant to the department if they address the pertinent issues that affect them. The data analyzed from the project shall be clustered based on similar characteristics. The information that results from this filtering is then arranged in an organized manner to form a report. These reports shall both be hard copy and soft copy. The hard copy reports shall be kept for future reference and can be admissible as evidence in court when a dispute arises in the organization. The soft copy reports shall be used since it is easily accessible as long it is stored in the central server of the organization. Cloud computing is one method that seeks to reduce the environmental impact of data storage (Bouquet). First, p urpose of the project should be made clear to all the stakeholders in the MHG Hotel Chains. This is to safeguard the Action plan’s implementation and make amendments to the plan if assessment data point out they are required. The Action plan can be implemented in the following steps: Discuss needs assessment Define the problem Brainstorm ideas Prioritize ideas Development of problem statements i. Develop solutions

Comparing Othello to Genji. What kind of heroes were they What made Essay

Comparing Othello to Genji. What kind of heroes were they What made them different than the heroes that we studied before them - Essay Example This leads him to kill Desdemona, his wife, as well as himself towards the end. (Shakespeare, William) On the other hand, the Tale of Genji, written by Murasaki Shikibu is a masterpiece and great contribution to both Japanese as well as world literature. It has been recalled as one of the first novels ever written in the world, in fiction. It presents a very realistic view of life through the actions and characteristics of a young man by the name of Genji. It has been set during the time of aristocracy in Japan as Genji was the son of an Emperor. It is a play centred around the romantic life that he led with the love of his life, and the complications of societal pressure that are sought upon people with time and human bondage. (Murasaki, Shikibu) The two characters of Othello and Genji have quite a number of similarities and differences between them. They can be compared and contrasted against and with each other on the basis of a number of traits that they possess. Both plays have a background of the main protagonist acting out of the passion of love. Othello was madly in love with Desdemona, and Genji, with Lady Fujitsubo and later Murasaki. However, Othello has been constant in his love for his woman; despite him being posted far away from her,he tried to keep the flame alive within himself, in hopes of soon being able to meet with his Lady love. However, Iago changed his mind with time regarding her character and personality and made him believe that she was indeed a woman that engaged in adultery with other men, and that she could not really love someone. Genji, however, understood love as he matured from a boy to a man. He was first in love with the Lady and this love was forbidden. It made him want it even more and soon she bears his son. In the meantime, he falls in love with a number of different women as he pleases, and seduces a number of them, leading them on and making them believe that they have a shot in being his wife. As compared to Othello, t hus, Genji does not come off as a character that would die for the love of his life during this point in his life. He was a young man who was hell bent on enjoying the frivolous pursuits of life; he proves through Murasaki’s writings that the young royals at the time in Japan had no qualms about whether or not their decisions were affecting other people or the rest of the country, they only wanted to do whatever pleased them, and in this case, it involved randomly involving oneself with different women. Towards the end of both the plays however, both characters witness the emotion and feeling of what death is and how it dawns upon a person when it happens to a loved one. Genji realizes that his true love was only for Murasaki, and when she dies, his memories of her begin to haunt him. He then is able to comprehend how fleeting his entire life was and how easily time just passed him by. He understands that he did not give her enough time even though she was his wife, and that he should have told her that he loved her while he still had the chance. Othello too, was forced by his own emotions to undergo the pain and trauma of the death of a loved one. (Penguin Reading Guides) He was overpowered by the force of his own emotions and feelings to kill Desdemona because he was made to believe that she was having an affair with one of the soldiers in his army. The jealousy that erupts within the man threatens to ruin his life and also subsequently ruins the image of

Business Law Case Written Work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Law Case Written Work - Research Paper Example Non-disclosure is the failure of volunteering important facts or information (Mallor, 2004). The law requires that the lease between Ms. Relief and Rem be in writing. This is according to the Statute of Frauds (Mallor, 2004). The fact that the agreement between Ms. Relief and Rem is for more than a one year from its formation date, it has to be in the form of writing. This clause is proper and does not impair the agreement of enforceability. As long the term of the lease has not begun, Rem can cancel the agreement and Ms. Relief will be at liberty to lease it to some other tenant. Rem would not win. The agreement between Force and Rem do not satisfy the elements required for an enforceable agreement. Force offered a promise in return for nothing from Rem thus rendering his promise gratuitous (Mallor, 2004). Rem would not win. This is because Rem had enforced the Cancellation clause of the lease document which provided for cancellation without penalties thus giving Ms. Relief the freedom to accept an offer from another

World War II through the 1970s Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World War II through the 1970s - Research Paper Example The very first effect was the development of an anti-war attitude and a general decline in patriotism among a considerable number of Americans. The nation witnessed many protests like the Chicano Moratorium that marred the integrity of the nation. Since then, the nation has been ideologically split into two spheres in all military activities. Also, it becomes necessary for Presidents to select such generals and admirals who are ready to carry out the military policy laid out for them. Also, the Presidents never get the chance to get the people united even in war situations. The political impact of the war is evident from the fact that the War Power Resolution was enacted by the Congress to forbid the President from sending troops abroad without the consent of the Congress. According to Albert and Henderson (2002, 56-57), the war resulted in the incorporation of an anti-war sentiment and a Vietnam syndrome as evidenced by films, magazines and social movements. The Civil Rights Act too had profound impact on the American society, economy and culture. An immediate effect was the improvement in the education levels of the African American students. In the opinion of Donohue III and Heckman (1991), a similar trend was visible in gender equality too; and the legislation also resulted in a significant improvement in the average income of blacks. Also, it considerably improved the work environment for the immigrants. Thus, all these years, America remained an attractive destination for immigrants, which has both positive and negative consequences according to the scholars. Because of this race-friendly legislation, America has become a society with various races ranging from whites, Asians, American Indians, Hawaiians, and pacific islanders. This resulted in the development of a vibrant culture that has wide variety in music, literature and all other art forms. As the World War I ended, America realized the heavy loss it incurred as a result of the involvement in the w ar. Realizing the fact that the war was a disastrous mistake, the nation introduced a number of Neutrality Acts, and stayed away from issues like the Japan invasion of Manchuria, German effort to raise arms, and Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia. Secondly, America was facing the brunt of the Great Depression that had a traumatic effect on the nation’s economy. So, America was unable even to think about another war in the imminent future. Thirdly, America had peace treaties with a number of nations ranging from Britain, Japan and France. So, America was not willing to show more attachment towards any nation as it would dissatisfy the others. As Macdonald, Holden and Andener (1988) point out,women played a significant role in support of the American Military. Firstly, many women joined the nurse corps and the armed forces so that the men could be deployed in the combat front. Also, many women volunteered to run the government during the crisis. Secondly, females readily accep ted the traditional male jobs in factories when the factories were set for war production. Thirdly, women activists engaged in activities like social fundraising and blood collection for war (p.23). The first breakthrough (as cited in (Lawnix. Com, 1954), came in the year 1954 in the form of a Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that setting separate educational facilities for blacks and whites is unconstitutional. It was this ruling that gave way to the civil rights movement. The second important breakthrough was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that ensured voting rights for the blacks. As Ryan (2010) points out, the first political awareness came in the realization that America is fully of

Security questions regarding U.S. military support to Turkey Essay

Security questions regarding U.S. military support to Turkey - Essay Example In the recent crisis between Syria and Turkey the following problem has appeared: does NATO approve the initiatives of Turkey, so far, in regard to the military conflicts within Syria? The answer seems to be positive. This view is based on the statement of the Secretary-General Rasmussen that ‘obviously Turkey can rely on NATO solidarity’, a statement made on the 9th of October (NATO 2012). Of course, as a member of NATO, Turkey has right to ask for such support. Still, the intervention of NATO in the conflict between Turkey and Syria would have certain implications that can be reflected in a series of security questions. 2. U.S. military support to Turkey – Security questions In order to refer to an issue as being related to security it is necessary for certain terms to be met. The common form of security questions is described in the study of Everts (2001). According to the above researcher, a security question can be related to different issues. Reference can b e made, for example, to the ‘democratic government’ (Everts 2001, p.44), as a security question. It should be noted that through the decades, the form of security questions has been changed. Energy, environment and allies’ security are common security questions in countries worldwide (Everts 2001, p.44). ... een Turkey and Kurds – Democratic question as a security question The claim of Kurds for the creation of their own state within Turkey is quite old (Brauch et al. 2003). However, since the beginning of the crisis between Syria and Turkey, the efforts of Kurds to promote their geopolitical interests have become quite strong (Dannreuther 2012). On the 3rd of October a Syrian attack on a Turkish town resulted to the death of five civilians (BBC News 2012). Turkey responded with attacks on targets near the borders (Guzel & Frazer 2012); the UN Council supported the specific initiative of Turkey (Guzel & Frazer 2012). The provision of military support by NATO to Turkey would allow the latter to develop extensive military operations against Syria. However, in case that the conflict between Turkey and Syria would be further expanded, then Kurds would possibly take the chance to develop more dynamic operations against the Turkish militants. In such case, the political stability of Tur key would be set in risk, a fact that would negatively affect the popularity of Turkish government. The stability of the country’s polity, as this stability would be threatened by the expansion of armed conflicts within Turkish territory, can be characterized as one of the most important security questions related to NATO’s intervention in the conflict between Turkey and Syria. 2.2 The geopolitical stability of European Union – Supporting the allies’ safety as a security question The political and social stability in Turkey can highly affect the geopolitical stability of European Union. The potential involvement of Turkey in a war would threaten the security of EU, even if Turkey is not a member state. Moreover, the cooperation between Turkey and the EU is close, especially in terms of

Reflection on the Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection on the Research Paper - Essay Example This is because, as I was reading through the articles, I made a list of all the cited causes. To be honest, my main concern was the identification of all causes and writing as comprehensive a research as possible. As this strategy turned out to be incorrect, I had to reread the articles with a different purpose in mind - the identification of the root causes. As none of the articles accessed or handed out as part of our class readings outlined the root causes for the failure of retail chain internationalization projects, I had to reflect upon the various causes, establish correlations between them, and relate them back to theory. Not only did doing so give me a deeper understanding of the problems confronting the internationalization of retail chains but, it gave me a better grasp of theory. Accordingly, the very nature of the assignment, and the supposed imbalance between word limit and the vast array of causes for failure, were learning experiences in themselves. As my initial approach had been incorrect, forcing me to reread each article more than once, I gained a greater familiarity with the different writers in the field, to the extent that I was able to compare the worth of each. While not claiming that any of the writers or theorists whose material we studied lacked substance or value, I personally found the most informative, hence more valuable, to be Brown and Palmer.

World War II through the 1970s Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World War II through the 1970s - Research Paper Example The very first effect was the development of an anti-war attitude and a general decline in patriotism among a considerable number of Americans. The nation witnessed many protests like the Chicano Moratorium that marred the integrity of the nation. Since then, the nation has been ideologically split into two spheres in all military activities. Also, it becomes necessary for Presidents to select such generals and admirals who are ready to carry out the military policy laid out for them. Also, the Presidents never get the chance to get the people united even in war situations. The political impact of the war is evident from the fact that the War Power Resolution was enacted by the Congress to forbid the President from sending troops abroad without the consent of the Congress. According to Albert and Henderson (2002, 56-57), the war resulted in the incorporation of an anti-war sentiment and a Vietnam syndrome as evidenced by films, magazines and social movements. The Civil Rights Act too had profound impact on the American society, economy and culture. An immediate effect was the improvement in the education levels of the African American students. In the opinion of Donohue III and Heckman (1991), a similar trend was visible in gender equality too; and the legislation also resulted in a significant improvement in the average income of blacks. Also, it considerably improved the work environment for the immigrants. Thus, all these years, America remained an attractive destination for immigrants, which has both positive and negative consequences according to the scholars. Because of this race-friendly legislation, America has become a society with various races ranging from whites, Asians, American Indians, Hawaiians, and pacific islanders. This resulted in the development of a vibrant culture that has wide variety in music, literature and all other art forms. As the World War I ended, America realized the heavy loss it incurred as a result of the involvement in the w ar. Realizing the fact that the war was a disastrous mistake, the nation introduced a number of Neutrality Acts, and stayed away from issues like the Japan invasion of Manchuria, German effort to raise arms, and Italy’s invasion of Ethiopia. Secondly, America was facing the brunt of the Great Depression that had a traumatic effect on the nation’s economy. So, America was unable even to think about another war in the imminent future. Thirdly, America had peace treaties with a number of nations ranging from Britain, Japan and France. So, America was not willing to show more attachment towards any nation as it would dissatisfy the others. As Macdonald, Holden and Andener (1988) point out,women played a significant role in support of the American Military. Firstly, many women joined the nurse corps and the armed forces so that the men could be deployed in the combat front. Also, many women volunteered to run the government during the crisis. Secondly, females readily accep ted the traditional male jobs in factories when the factories were set for war production. Thirdly, women activists engaged in activities like social fundraising and blood collection for war (p.23). The first breakthrough (as cited in (Lawnix. Com, 1954), came in the year 1954 in the form of a Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that setting separate educational facilities for blacks and whites is unconstitutional. It was this ruling that gave way to the civil rights movement. The second important breakthrough was the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that ensured voting rights for the blacks. As Ryan (2010) points out, the first political awareness came in the realization that America is fully of

Reflection on the Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection on the Research Paper - Essay Example This is because, as I was reading through the articles, I made a list of all the cited causes. To be honest, my main concern was the identification of all causes and writing as comprehensive a research as possible. As this strategy turned out to be incorrect, I had to reread the articles with a different purpose in mind - the identification of the root causes. As none of the articles accessed or handed out as part of our class readings outlined the root causes for the failure of retail chain internationalization projects, I had to reflect upon the various causes, establish correlations between them, and relate them back to theory. Not only did doing so give me a deeper understanding of the problems confronting the internationalization of retail chains but, it gave me a better grasp of theory. Accordingly, the very nature of the assignment, and the supposed imbalance between word limit and the vast array of causes for failure, were learning experiences in themselves. As my initial approach had been incorrect, forcing me to reread each article more than once, I gained a greater familiarity with the different writers in the field, to the extent that I was able to compare the worth of each. While not claiming that any of the writers or theorists whose material we studied lacked substance or value, I personally found the most informative, hence more valuable, to be Brown and Palmer.

Characteristics of Orientalism Essay Example for Free

Characteristics of Orientalism Essay There are several differences between the Arab and Muslim groups. The actuality is that Arabs are an ethnic group and Muslims are a religious group. A Muslim is a person who practices the Islam religion. In the world, most Muslims are not necessarily Arabs and most Arabs are not necessarily Muslims. â€Å"Orientalism is the simplistic view of the people and history of the Orient, with no recognition of change over time or the diversity within its many cultures† (Schaefer, 2006). This term is a misrepresentation of people from the East by those in the West. One characteristic is stereotyping the difference in religious expression. Discrimination and prejudice are other characteristics of orientalism. For example, the overemphasis of Arab and Muslim women wearing face veils in the media. This is seen as oppressing women but yet the history behind it is not being told. After the 9/11 attacks, the USA Patriot Act, which was passed in October 2001, had specific provisions that condemned discrimination against Arab and Muslim Americans. This act was revised because it had been accused of contributing to the fear within the Arab and Muslim communities. Unfortunately, all policies were not changed in a positive way. The U. S. Department of Justice required all foreign-born Muslim men to report to the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services. They have to be fingerprinted, photographed, and interviewed. There are several things that individuals can do to promote tolerance and reduce prejudice in their towns and cities. One way to achieve this is by treating everyone equally. Another way to reduce prejudice is by educating ourselves about a person’s culture. If we can gain an understanding of an individual’s cultural background, we are opening up our minds to realize that those that we consider â€Å"different† may have similar views.

CARL ROGERS PERSON-CENTRED APPROACH

CARL ROGERS PERSON-CENTRED APPROACH Introduction Carl Rogers (1902-1987) a psychologist developed the person-centred approach theory mainly in relation to the therapist and the client and initially named it the client-centred approach. Rogers later referred to this theory as person-centred rather than patient-centred in order not to reduce the individuals autonomy and consequently lend the client to difficulties. The approach therefore is to turn individuals (clients) into subjects of their own therapy. In his theory it was noted that individuals are endowed with the power of self actualization and through their own perception of resources inherent in them, they can provide remedy for change in their difficult situations, provided a facilitating environment exists This view as expressed by Rogers implied that every person has a tendency to grow and attain a certain level of actualization. He observed that in order to allow the client (person) asses his/her own wisdom and self defeating behaviours and also engage in therapeutic move ment with the therapist, there must be a conducive climate. Three conditions were identified for this relationship to thrive favourably: Genuineness (Congruence), Empathy and Unconditional Positive Regard. GENUINENESS (Congruence) In this relationship the therapist is expected to show a real sense of genuine attitude towards the clients feelings and thoughts, be willing and ever present to assist them in whatever situation they may be. He should be transparent and discourage the attitude of being the superior in the situation. This attitude would in turn retain a high sense of confidence in the client towards realization of him/herself in therapy. Any deviation from this attitude renders the process unworkable. UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD (Total Acceptance) According to Rogers, the therapist in this situation must show non-judgemental and total acceptance to the clients feelings and his perceptive world as a whole to enhance his process of recovery. This total acceptance of the clients attitude and perception should be devoid of whatsoever differences that might exist between them either culturally or socially. However in doing so the therapist should ensure the safety and security of the client. EMPATHETIC UNDERSTANDING In his theory, showing empathy refers to the ability of the therapist to show positive sensitivity to the clients world, his perception towards recovery and also communicate his feelings to the client. This will convey a special meaning to the client of his relationship with the therapist and consequently solidify their mutual relationship towards the expected therapeutic movement. Rogers continue to state that any deviation from these attitudes on the part of the therapist makes it difficult for the process to continue. This empathetic attitude is more exhibited by therapists who are more confident about their own identity and can cope with other persons world without any fear. PERSON-CENTREDNESS AS A CONCEPT Person-centeredness a concept in health care delivery has poor and conflicting definitions over the years and is considered one of the best ways of health care delivery in which patients are valued as individuals (Winfield et al. 1996). It has further been observed by (Slater 2006; Leplege et al 2007), that the concept of person-centredness has been described using different terms like patient-centred, client-centred, person-centred interchangeably which makes it most often unclear which consistent term to use in the description of the concept. Notwithstanding all these difficulties, Kitwood (1997) defined person-centredness as a standing or status that is bestowed upon one human being by others in the context of relationship and social being. It implies recognition, respect and trust. (p.8) Kitwood (1997) further used person-centredness to formulate ideas and ways of working which puts much emphasis on communication and building relationships in care. Brooker (2004), elaborating on person-centred approach found out that the definition of the term has such characteristics as:  · Respecting and valuing the individual as a full member of society  · Providing individualised places of care that are in line with peoples changing needs  · Understanding the perspective of the person and providing a supportive social psychology in order to help people live a life of relative well-being. Dwelling on these definitions of Kitwood and Brooker, it is evident that they are built on the works of Carl Rogers (1950), which developed person-centred approach as a way of facilitating psychological growth (Natiello 2001).In addition a critical look at Kitwoods definitions definitions showed that personhood has been considered very essential. (Dewing 2008) observed that Person-centredness is often associated with gerontological nursing and more particularly issues relating to dementia care and have personhood as a basis of promoting its practice. It is therefore relevant to explore the philosophical and theoretical underpinnings of personhood in as much as it recognised in person-centredness (Baker 2001; Ford McCormack 2000; Fares 1997). Baker (2001) declared that personhood is consistent with individuality and has three dimensions; the persons world which relates to understanding the persons needs, self relating to emotional and physical security and others which signify social and material world that considers the need for interventions and a sense of belonging and place. Similarly (Ford McCormack 2000) recognises personhood as the persons ability to rational make decision by virtue of his reflection on available needs, choices wants and desires. On the contrary this ability to make rational decisions might be difficult particularly in persons with dementia (Kitwood 1997), however choices can be offered to the person. Harre (1998, p.6) drawing on the work of Apter (1989),concludes that ; a sense of personal distinctiveness, a sense of personal continuity and a sense of personal autonomy important phenomenon that best described personhood. Elsewhere in literature, transcendence (a state beyond material or usual existence) has been referred to as an essential characteristic for description of personhood (Heron 1992 Kitwood 1990a, 1997).This goes to establish the assertion that personhood can be accessed from three type of literature- theology and spiritual, ethics and social psychology and each of these literature gives different meanings to attributes relating to personhood (Kitwood 1997, p.8). McCormack (2004) compared the definition of person-centredness by Kitwood and his own findings in an extensively reviewed literature and concludes that four concepts should be considered in describing person-centred nursing. These are: Being in Relation, Being in Social Context, Being In Place, Being With Self. Being In Relation Being in relationship emphasizes the point that, for any effective person-centred care to commence, continue and achieve success ,the nurse and the patient should be in a good interpersonal relationship and this relationship requires valuing of self, moral integrity, reflective ability, knowing self and others as derived from reflection on values and their place in the relationship. Being in relationship is also reflected in one of the seven attributes of person-centredness identified by Slaters (2006) concept analysis-evidence of a therapeutic relationship between person and health care provider. He further states that this relationship between the person and care provider must be one of mutuality, mutual trust and non-judgemental which does not take into consideration the balance of power. Being In Social Context This is the interconnectedness of persons with the social world in which individuals create meaning to themselves through being in the world. Being able to understand the social world of the person enables one to clearly identify things that are considered paramount in their lives Slater (2006). Being In Place Andrew (2003) declares that concept of place and its impact on health care delivery is poorly understood in nursing. Andrew further argued that places are not just physical but involve situated human intentions within them.(Andrew, 2003; Luckhurst Ray, 1997; Hussain Raczka, 1997) contends that attention must be paid to place in care relationships for its important role. In order for nurses to be facilitators of person-centredness, care values must be balanced with other organisational values no matter how difficult it might be, to enable the process of the concept to continue smoothly (Woods 2001). A similar idea was expressed by Johns (1995) that nurses cannot freely fulfil their moral obligation to patients without taking cognisance of organisational and professional implications. To buttress this McCormack et al (2002) asserts that whilst it is important for nurses to facilitate person-centredness, other contextual issues such as staff relationships, organisational systems, power differentials and the extent to which the organisation tolerates innovative practices and risk taking should be worth noting. Being with Self Knowing self is very central in person-centred nursing approach. This is important in that, health care providers need to identify their personal values first in order to respect the values of other patients under their care, to avoid trampling over their autonomy and cultural needs paramount to person-centredness (Downs, 1997; Ford McCormack, 2001; McCormack, 2001b; Nolan, 2000).Further, knowing self enables the nurse to make comparisons of current lifestyles and behaviours of the patient with his preferences and values of life in general as a clue to enhance care process (Meyers,1999). PERSON-CENTRED PRACTICE BASED ON AUTHENTIC CONSCIOUSNESS Based on the four concepts- Being In place, Being In relationship, Being with self, Being In social context, McCormack (2003) outlined five conceptual models in consistent with current nursing principles. These are: Authentic consciousness (McCormack 2001a, 2001b, 2003 and 2004), Positive person work (Packer 2003), the senses Framework (Nolan et al 2001), Skilled companionship (Titchen 2000, 2001 p.80) and The Burford Nursing Development unit model (Johns 1994). McCormack developed a conceptual framework for person-centredness practice based on Authentic consciousness. He identified five imperfect duties on which the framework will operationalize.further, McCormack (2003) declared that for person-centredness to operate effectively in practice, factors such as the patients value, the nurses values and the context of care environment. For the purpose of this study, imperfect duties and factors (Patients values, the nurses values, context of care environment) on which person-centred practice operationalize will be explored to highlight their effect on the concept. According to Immanuel Kants morale theory cited in (Sullivan, RJ 1990), imperfect duties are described as wide, broad and limited such that it gives room for discretion but within the rules of the organization within which one works. There is no means of offering an exhaustive and a priori account of how the duties are to be fulfilled. The five imperfect duties discussed earlier are as from (the conceptual framework of McCormack 2003):  · Informed flexibility: this is the facilitation of fdecision making based on information dissemination and the integration of new information into established perspectives and care practices.  · Mutuality: the recognition of the others values as being equally paramount in decision making.  · Transparency: making clear the intentions and motivations for action and the boundaries within which care decisions are set.  · Negotiation: patient participation through a culture of care that values the views of the patient as a legitimate basis for decision making while recognizing that being the final judge of decisions is of secondary importance.  · Sympathetic presence: this is an engagement takes into consideration the uniqueness and value of the individual by appropriately responding to cues that maximize coping resources through the recognition of important agendas in daily life. PATIENTS VALUES In person-centred practice respect for patients values are identified as being central in order to achieve an effective process of the concept (Dewing, J. 2002; William,B. Grant. 1998; McCormack 2001).It is important to develop a clear picture of what patients values about their life and how they make sense of what is happening around them. Helping the individual to have realization in care makes them to tolerate the incongruency of their illness and also helps them to plan for future, to do this, there is the need to build a baseline value history of the patient through biographical accounts and narrative story.(Meyers, D.T. 1989).The complex nature of most health care decisions couple with anxiety, fear of illness, dependency and other aggressive tendencies results in the patients decision making ability being diminished.( Buchanan Brock, 1989) Argued that if patients are left to be in total control of their health care decisions, most often than not their choice of treatment dec ision might not work effectively towards their well being as expected. They further argued that, as much as patients are expected to participate in decision making regarding their health, they should also be protected sometimes from harmful consequences of their own choices. According to Seedhouse, D. (1986) health has different meanings to different people and is also given various degrees of relevance by individuals. It therefore implies that there is no single care intervention that can be considered best for everyone. Whiles are a particular approach is applicable in one situation it may not be same in the other. In view of these, health care decisions need to adopt a negotiated approach between the patient and the practitioner (McCormack, 2001). NURSES VALUES In spite of partnership being a common phenomenon in person-centred practice where nurses are encouraged to be lenient in their presentation to patients, it is unusual for nurses to present their own views as a part of information that patients are given to help their decisions.Gadow (1980) argued that in as much as patients values should be dominant in the decision, nurses values also contribute to enhance the efficiency of the process but in a less explicit manner. Nurses expressing their values in care decisions should not really be a problem if there is partnership, since these will help the patient to have more insight into the nurses position regarding their care. CONTEXT OF PRACTICE ENVIRONMENT Despite more attention on nurses and patient values the care environment also play a significant role in the person-centred process in which there is the tendency to either promote or hinder its smooth running (McCormack et al 2002; Rycroft-Malone et al 2002).In facilitating person-centredness nurses are faced with difficulties of having to cope with the morale obligations to patients as well as organisational and professional implications (Johns, 1999).this situation has been confirmed by recent analysis f context undertaken by McCormack et al (2002). Yarling (1990) expressed a similar view to earlier researchers above that, in modern health care delivery, while nurses are expected to engage in autonomous decision making they are limited in exercising their authority. THE CONCEPT OF PERSON-CENTREDNESS IN REHABILITATION Clare et al. (2006) define rehabilitation as an individualized approach to helping people with cognitive impairments in which those affected, and their families work together with health care professionals to identify personal-relevant goals and strategies for addressing these. This definition clearly shows a connection between rehabilitation and the concept of person-centredness. Leplege et al (2007) argued that the notion of person-centredness have been used interchangeably as patient- centred ,client-centred, individual- centred, person-directed. Reasoning along this argument, implies that the term has a multidimensional use. In order to establish further the description of this terminology, Leplege and his colleagues undertook a conceptual analysis of person-centred concept in the field of rehabilitation and identified few supportive concepts that clearly elaborate on the use of the term. THE PERSONS SPECIFIC HOLISTIC PROPERTIES AND DIFFICULTIES IN EVERYDAY LIFE Person-centredness as a means of addressing the persons specific and holistic properties suggests that in dealing with individuals, their biological and psychosocial needs must be considered as paramount as opposed to classical analytic medical attention on the functionality of specific organs and related medications prescribed for relief of ailment. In their view regarding person-centredness in rehabilitation, the term seeks to address difficulties in everyday life of disabled persons in such a manner as to reflect their needs and social adjustment. Rehabilitation alone without person-centredness seems more technical and ignores other aspects of the patients life. PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT It is further argued that disabled persons be given more decisional autonomy in order to be aware of what is happening to them, the way they perceive treatment and care offered them and other variations about care available to them. Patients of disability should not be passive about interventions available to them; they should be allowed as key participants. It is however stressed that the concerns of disabled persons are not different from able persons and therefore equal attention is supposed to be given to both. RESPECTING THE PERSON BEHIND THE IMPAIRMENT Respecting the person in spite of his/her impairment or the disease reflects the notion that disabled persons be accorded the dignity and respect they deserve, because disability can be considered as part of normal life and therefore should not be treated with pity and stigmatization. Leplege et al therefore declared person-centredness as anti-reductionism which seeks to hold in high esteem views and rights of disabled persons in decision making regarding their health care. PERCEPTION OF PERSON-CENTRED NURSING ACROSS NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DIVIDE The concept of person-centred care has long been associated with the nursing profession, and understood in principle as; establishing mutual trust and understanding with individuals, respecting their values and rights as a person, and developing therapeutic relationships with them and others associated with their care. The good aspect of delivering care in the philosophical context of person-centredness cannot be over emphasised, but it has been observed that translating the main concept into daily practice is always met with challenges (McCormack McCance 2006).The reasons for these inefficiencies manifest in different forms and are seldom indicative of the context in which care is delivered, coupled with constant changes that occur particularly within health and other social care sectors. Person-centredness has been in existence with health care delivery for some time now and is consistent with policy direction and reflected in many approaches to delivery of care. The concept manifests itself in policy directions across both national and international health care sectors. In the United Kingdom the concept of person-centredness is embedded in most health care policies such as The Dignity in Care Campaign (DoH, 2006) and The National Service Framework for older people (DoH 2001). Further, recent publications by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) emphasised challenges for nurses and midwives in provision of dignified and sensitive care, in its report on health care. In Northern Ireland, the focus is on promoting person-centred standards- (respect, attitude, privacy and dignity, communication, behaviour) across health and social care sectors. It has been observed that within the health service, the drive to promote effectiveness and efficiency in performance management has not been high. As a result, patients, clients and their families receive less attention in care delivery as indicated in a range of quality and clinical indicators (DHSSPS 2007a; Nolan, 2007). Whilst the term person-centred care is rampant in the UK health and social care literature and policy documents, the underlying principles of person-centred care are similar to that of international movements that is focused on humanizing the health and social care experience. This is evident in the Skaevinge Project carried out in Denmark (Wagner L. 1994). In his action research, focus was on preventative work and also to ensure the rights of residents in care homes as citizens in society. This model again helps in putting to shape the future of residential care and the design of care homes internationally. Wagner infused into his work such principles underpinning person-centred care as autonomy, citizenship, dignity and respect, to enhance efficiency of his model. Health care policies around the world adopt these principles and use them in several policy frameworks related to social and health care sectors. In Australia for instance, person-centred care has been a solid foundation of facility accreditation in The Aged Care Standards and Accreditation Agency and the New South Wales department of nursing has its focus on enhancing practices and models of care to support person-centredness across all specialities. Developing models that enhance care and promote person-centred principles has become a vital issue in health and social care. A notable instance is the Institute for Health care Improvement (IHI) in the United States of America. Most governments in the West have initiated transformations and innovated frameworks in health and social services through most of the practices of the IHI. Majority of the plans initiated by these governments focused on person-centred care mainly through transformation systems and redesign of clinical services.

psychology: male eating disorders :: essays research papers

Eating Disorders are psychological disorders that result from a drive to be thin. They are broken down into three categories, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Anorexia nervosa is diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R in individuals with body weight that is significantly lower than the norm, extremely concerned with weight and shape, distorted self-image, and an absence of three consecutive menstrual periods, in women. Bulimia Nervosa is diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R in individuals who have recurrent binge eating episodes, have weight and shape concerns, have a lack of control over such behavior, and have compensatory behaviors (e.g., vomiting, fasting, misuse of laxatives, or excessive exercise). Binge eating disorder has much of the same criteria as Bulimia Nervosa with the exception of the compensatory behaviors. This study has several goals. First, the authors compare men with eating disorders to women with eating disorders, specifically to find clinical similarities. Because eating disorders are considered rare in men, the authors set out to investigate the differences between the two sexes. Second, the authors wanted to find differences in men with eating disorders and normal men. The authors also set out to find a representative sample that would provide the greatest validity. Concentrating on men with eating disorders, the authors also were looking for a correlation between eating disorders and other psychological disorders, such as affective disorder, anti-social personality disorder, and substance abuse. On the subject of sexual orientation, the authors explain, "...although an obvious area of investigation, (sexual orientation) was deemed too sensitive a topic for a government-sponsored survey and unfortunately was not assessed". METHOD Subjects Sixty-two men meeting the DSM-III-R criteria of an eating disorder, 212 women with equivalent eating disorders, and a control group of 3,769 men who had no presence of an eating disorder. Measures Community survey. Random houses were selected in Ontario. From each household an individual aged fifteen years and older was chosen at random and then administered the Mental Health Supplement to the Ontario Health Survey. The individual was then asked to submit written informed consent prior to the interview. A sample size of 9, 953 individuals was obtained by these means. Subject reduction. Using the University of Michigan's version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the subjects were narrowed down. During this process, individuals were interviewed for one to two hours by trained interviewers. The subjects were assessed for anxiety disorders, substance use and or abuse, affective disorders, anti-social personality disorder, and of course eating disorders.

Team Based Organizations Essay -- GCSE Business Management

Team Based Organizations Introduction A team is a small group of people with complementary skills who work actively together to achieve a common purpose for which they hold themselves collectively accountable. In today’s society, there can be several different factors that are associated for a group of people to become a high performance team. For a team to achieve great performance, and deliver real benefits to the organization, they have to be able to distinguish their strengths and weaknesses. All teams need members who believe in team goals and are motivated to work with others actively to accomplish important tasks. A commitment to teamwork is found in the willingness of every member to listen and respond constructively to views expressed by others. High performance team has to give others the benefit of the doubt, provide support, and recognize the interests and achievements of others. These things are very essential for a team to be a high performance team in today’s competitive and changing business environment. High Performance Teams It takes a lot of work for a group of people to become a high performance team. High performance teams have special characteristics that allow them to excel at teamwork and achieve special performance advantages. A team that is going to be a high performance team has to consist of strong core values that help guide their attitudes and behaviors in directions consistent with the team’s purpose. Another thing that a high performance teams do is to turn general sense of purpose into specific performance objectives. Whereas a shared sense of purpose gives general direction to a team, commitment to specific performance results makes this purpose truly meaningful. Moreover, members of high performance teams should have the right mix of skills, including technical skills, problem solving and decision making skills, and interpersonal skills. Lastly, anyone can easily ague that for a team to be a high performance team they have to be creative. In the new workplace, teams must use their creativity to assist organizations in continuous improvement of operations and in continuous development of new products, services, and markets. Diversity Climate Improving the diversity climate of an organization is through the implementation of teams. To conceive a better perspective of how diversity climate applies to organizing... ...s the group can gain from the complementarities among the skills of its members. Second, different skills of team members have to be relevant to one another. For example, complimenting someone may not occur, if the skills of one team member are not relevant to the productivity of a teammate. Third, good communication is necessary for any team members to perform the relevant joint tasks and engage in a knowledgeable process to be productive Conclusion Teams are the major forces behind today’s revolutionary changes in organizations. Team based organizations are becoming the management system of the future in today’s competitive business environment. To be a high performance team the proper skills need to be present. When it regards to teams being diverse, one must take into consideration the differences and use them to their advantage. In order to be able to successful run a business, there needs to be the distinction of what group of people is qualified and capable of doing what is right for the organization to succeed. References Katherine C. Naff, Richard C. Thompson. The Impact of Teams on the Climate for diversity in Government. http://www.hf.faa.gov. July 10, 2005.